What Is the Difference Between Fruits and Vegetables?

Medically Reviewed on 8/11/2022
What Is the Difference Between Fruits and Vegetables
Learn about the nutritional differences between fruits and vegetables

Most people know that fruits and vegetables are good for overall health. But some people may not know the exact differences between the two. 

Learn about the nutritional differences between fruits and vegetables.

Differences between fruits vs. vegetables

A fruit develops from the ovule-bearing reproductive structure of a plant, while a vegetable is usually made of other parts of the plant.

Table 1. Fruits vs. vegetables
Differences Fruit Vegetables
Definition Sweet, fleshy, mature ovary of a plant that contains seeds Part of a plant that is used as food
Seed Contains seeds either inside or outside Does not contain seeds
Taste Usually has a sweet taste Can be sweet, salty, sour, or bitter
Color Can be red, orange, yellow, green, purple, blue, or black Usually green in color
Nutrition Rich in fiber, vitamin C, and water Provides fiber, vitamins, minerals, and trace elements
Reproduction Facilitates reproduction of plants by bearing seeds Involved in vegetative reproduction

What are fruits?

A fruit is the fleshy part of a plant that encloses the seeds, although certain fruits, such as berries, have seeds that are visible on the outside of the fruit.

Table 2. Classification of fruits
Type Examples
Fleshy, simple fruits Banana, grapes, and tomatoes
Dry dehiscent simple fruits Peas, peanuts, and beans
Dry indehiscent simple fruits with thin pericarp Wheat, corn, rice, and sunflower
Dry indehiscent simple fruits with hard pericarp Hazelnut, beechnut, and acorn
Accessory fruits Hips, strawberries, and apples
Dry accessory fruits Walnuts
Aggregate fruits Raspberry
Multiple fruits Pineapple and mulberry

What are vegetables?

Vegetables are all other edible parts of a plant. Vegetables are categorized based on the plant part they come from.

Table 3. Classification of vegetables
Type Examples
Leaf, leaf sheath, shoots, and stem Collards, asparagus, ramps, celery, and leek
Roots and tubers Potatoes, carrots, and radishes
Buds Capers
Bulbs Onions, garlic, and shallots
Flower buds Broccoli, cauliflower, chives, and okra
Sprouts Mung bean sprouts
Fruits Pumpkins and squash
Seeds Corn

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Which fruits are often confused with vegetables?

Although the majority of fruits and vegetables are easy to identify, there are some that are often mistaken for each other.

Common examples of fruits that may be mistaken for vegetables include:

  • Tomatoes
  • Cucumbers
  • Zucchini 
  • Squash
  • Avocados
  • Peppers
  • Peapods
  • Pumpkins
  • Olives
  • Sweet potatoes

What are the health benefits of fruits and vegetables?

Both fruits and vegetables are abundant in fiber, natural sugar, and vitamins and minerals yet low in fat and calories.

  • Fiber: Fiber keeps you full for longer and is important for maintaining a healthy digestive system
  • Vitamins and minerals: Fruits and vegetables contain many of the essential vitamins and minerals your body cannot create on its own. Beneficial plant compounds have been related to lowering the risk of several diseases, including heart disease, type II diabetes, high blood pressure, and several types of cancer.
  • Weight loss: The majority of diet and weight loss regimens advise eating a lot of fruits and vegetables rather than processed food due to their high nutritional value and low-calorie content. Eating more fruits and vegetables can help you lose weight. However, fruits often have more sugar and calories than vegetables, although starchy vegetables such as potatoes and beets have higher calorie and sugar content.

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Medically Reviewed on 8/11/2022
References
Image Source: iStock image

Fruit and vegetables: https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/healthyliving/fruit-and-vegetables#fruit-and-vegetables-for-good-health

Health Benefits of Fruits and Vegetables: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3649719/

Fruits & Veggies: https://fruitsandveggies.org/expert-advice/difference-fruit-vegetable-2/

Fruits and Vegetables Versus Vegetables and Fruits: Rhyme and Reason for Word Order in Health Messages: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6506980/